Synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine

In the neuron tyrosine is acted upon by 3 key enzymes.

Tyrosine hydroxylase converts tyrosine into DOPA

DOPA decarboxylase coverts DOPA into dopamine

Dopamine beta hydroxylase converts dopamine to norepinephrine
Action is terminated both by enzymes : MAO located in mitochondria in the presynaptic neuron and COMT located outside the nerve terminal, and a transport pump that removes NE from the synapse and pumps back into the presynaptic neuron for future use. The pump is a site where many drugs work.

Norepinephrine receptor subtypes

NET pump

VMAt2 -packing into vesicles

Alpha 1

Alpha 2a

Alpha 2b

Alpha 2c

Beta 1

Beta 2

Beta 3
Only alpha 2 receptors are presynaptic autoreceptors. Act as a break stopping further NE release.

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Norepinephrine facts to know
Synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine
In the neuron tyrosine is acted upon by 3 key enzymes.
Tyrosine hydroxylase converts tyrosine into DOPA
…
Sheri Spirt, M.D.
Ssdr18@aol.com
Please follow me on Twitter @DrSheriSpirt
www.drsherispirt.com
212 595-6901
16 East 96th Street Unit 1A New York, N.Y. 10128

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Bipolar 1/4 – designates an unstable form of unipolar depression that responds rapidly but is unsustained to antidepressants. They benefit to an addition of a moodstabilizer.

Bipolar 1/2- similiar to schizoaffective illness or coined schizobipolar.

Bipolar 1 1/2 – Hypomania without depression.

Bipolar II1/2 – cyclothymic patients that develop a major depressive episode.

Bipolar III – patients that develop a manic or hypomanic episode on an antidepressant.

Bipolar III 1/2 – Bipolar disorder with substance abuse.

Bipolar IV – association of depressive episodes with a pre-existing hyperthermia temperament. Hyperthermic patients are those with sunny outgoing personalities, and usually quite successful, that plunge into depression.

Bipolar V – depression with mixed hypomania.

Bipolar VI – bipolarity in the setting of dementia.

Dysphoria mania – mania with some depressive symptoms.

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Categories: UncategorizedBipolar Spectrum Disorders
Bipolar 1/4 – designates an unstable form of unipolar depression that responds rapidly but is unsustained to antidepressants. They benefit to an …
Sheri Spirt, M.D.
Ssdr18@aol.com
Please follow me on Twitter @DrSheriSpirt
www.drsherispirt.com
212 595-6901
16 East 96th Street Unit 1A New York, N.Y. 10128

CONFIDENTIALITY NOTICE: This communication, including attachments, is for the exclusive use of the person to whom it is addressed. The information contained in this transmission is confidential and may be privileged and/or contain confidential health information that is legally protected by state and federal law, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and related regulations. If you receive this message in error, please contact the sender by return e-mail, indicate that you are not the intended recipient, and confirm that you have deleted the original message. Use, disclosure, distribution or copying of documents transmitted to you in error is strictly prohibited. Please do not retransmit the content of this message.